Provides a decision framework incorporating key aspects of the EPA’s three-volume technical background series on monitored natural attenuation for metals and radionuclides in groundwater.

Discusses issues surrounding the use of fixed facilities for the treatment of contaminated soil and sediment via soil washing technologies.

Provides general information on electrokinetics, including background, applicability and potential advantages and limitations of electrokinetic remediation techniques.

Focuses on technical requirements and regulatory issues associated with implementation of soil washing technology at sites contaminated with metals.

Outlines the phytoremediation technology and its applicability to sites contaminated with metals.

Provides an introduction to in situ stabilization or in place inactivation techniques and discusses several current approaches to implementation.