Dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) are liquids that do not mix easily with water and can sink below the groundwater table. They can contain chlorinated solvents and become trapped in soil and groundwater, creating a long-term source of contamination. Because dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids can persist underground and slowly release contaminants into groundwater, they are especially difficult to locate, treat, and remove.
The Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy (IDSS-1, 2011) guidance helps site managers develop an effective and flexible approach for cleaning up complex chlorinated-solvent sites. It assists site managers in developing a conceptual site model, setting remedial objectives and performance measures, selecting treatment technologies, and developing monitoring strategies. The guidance also emphasizes repeatedly reevaluating the strategy and modifying the approach when objectives are not being met or when another method may provide better results. This adaptive approach helps managers make meaningful progress toward cleanup goals over time.
This document was updated and expanded in the Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy (IDSS-2, 2020) guidance.
Topic(s): Chlorinated Solvents, DNAPL, Groundwater, Groundwater Monitoring, Remediation Technologies, Site Characterization, Water Quality
