Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are denser than water, with limited and varying solubilities in water, and thus tend to occur in a separate nonaqueous phase in the subsurface. Sites contaminated with DNAPLs and DNAPL mixtures present significant environmental challenges. Despite the decades spent on characterizing and attempting to remediate DNAPL sites, substantial risk remains. Inadequate characterization of site geology as well as the distribution, characteristics, and behavior of contaminants has limited the success of many remediation efforts.
The Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization and Tools Selection (ISC-1, 2015) guidance brings together decades of research and practical experience to help improve how DNAPL-contaminated sites are investigated. It explains how to use an integrated site characterization approach to better understand contaminant distribution, geology, groundwater flow, and natural attenuation processes so that cleanup decisions are based on a more complete picture of site conditions. The guidance also includes best practices for setting objectives, monitoring progress, adapting cleanup strategies, and selecting characterization and remediation tools. It serves as a valuable resource for regulators, site managers, consultants, and other stakeholders working to improve dense nonaqueous phase liquid site investigations and cleanup efforts.
This guidance complements Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy (IDSS-1, 2011) and updates An Introduction to Characterizing Sites Contaminated with DNAPLs (DNAPL-4, 2003).
Topic(s): Chlorinated Solvents, DNAPL, Groundwater, Groundwater Monitoring, Site Characterization, Water Quality
