In situ remedies, which treat contamination underground by using amendments delivered to the subsurface, can be effective. However, challenges with how these treatments are designed and applied can prevent them from meeting cleanup goals. Optimizing Injection Strategies and In situ Remediation Performance (OIS-ISRP-1, 2020) explains how careful site evaluation and planning can help avoid these challenges. Improvements to treatment materials and methods for delivering them can also improve results. Each in situ remedial action requires collection, analysis, and evaluation of the treatment technology, site-specific subsurface characteristics, and groundwater chemical properties to develop an adequate remedial design-level conceptual site model.
This guidance provides practical recommendations for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating in situ remediation projects. It highlights the importance of site characterization, amendment selection, injection design, performance monitoring, and ongoing optimization throughout the life of a project. The document also addresses regulatory considerations, stakeholder engagement, common implementation challenges, and lessons learned from case studies, helping practitioners improve remedial performance and achieve cleanup goals more effectively.
Topic(s): Groundwater, Groundwater Monitoring, In Situ Remediation, Remediation Technologies, Sediments, Soils, Water Quality
